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Chapter 10. FONT EDITOR PILOT fonts can be used to display text in a wide variety of type sizes and styles. Several fonts are included with PILOT. The font editor allows you to create new or modify existing fonts. Within a PILOT program the NS: statement is used to select the font to be used at any particular point. Fonts are supported in any of the graphics screen modes (modes 4-16). A font is stored in a disk file with a suffix of ".PIF". Each font contains 96 user-designed characters, corresponding to the characters with ASCII codes 32 through 127. This includes all the standard letters, numbers, and punctuation characters. Each character can be up to 24 pixels high and 24 pixels wide. The individual character widths are used for proportional spacing. In addition to a width for each character, each font has a default character cell height and width. The default character cell size is used for row and column addressing. Each character is made up of a grid of pixels. Each pixel can be transparent, or one of three colors. Color numbers are 1,2 and 3, corresponding to the three foreground colors of mode 4 or 5. In higher resolution EGA modes the three colors can be assigned to any of the 16 or 64 colors available. A font can be designed in one color or in three colors. In a one color font, color number 3 is normally used. This permits the use of the TS: foreground command or the "#" foreground character for text color changes. Multi-colored fonts can be used to create special effects, such as shadow or outline fonts, or as small graphics. When displaying user-designed fonts, PILOT uses character 127 as the cursor. It is recommended that character 127 be a vertical bar, one pixel wide in the leftmost column of the character cell extending from the top of the tallest character to the bottom of the lowest character. USING THE FONT EDITOR The font editor, FE, is used to create and modify fonts. FE stores a font in a file on disk for use in a PILOT program. To use FE, enter: FE name where "name" is the name of the file you wish to modify or create. A suffix of ".PIF" is automatically appended to the end of the filename and need not be typed. To use a file extension other than ".PIF" enter the entire file name on the command line. The file name may include a drive and/or path designation. If the file does not already exist, a new file is created. Otherwise, FE verifies that file is a valid font file, created by FE. If the file is not a font file, FE assumes that the file is a graphics image file in bit-mapped format. It could have been produced by GIE, the PILOT GSX: statement, or the BSAVE utility. In any case, when the file subsequently is saved, it will be saved as a font file. Since FE can read in graphics image files, a previously designed font can be modified even if it wasn't created via FE. Simply display all the characters in the font on the screen, and use a screen capture utility such as BSAVE to save the contents of the screen in a file. MAIN MENU When FE is first entered, the main menu is displayed. From the main menu, there are four options. The desired option is chosen with the function keys. The functions keys and their operations are shown below. F1 - edit characters F1 transfers to select mode. Select mode is used to choose an individual character to edit. F2 - change global parameters F2 brings up the menu to set character cell size and perform color modification of the font. F10 - save font F10 from the main menu saves the font on disk. A backup copy of the file is made, and saved in the file "name.bak", where "name" is the name of the file being edited, without the file extension. If an error occurs while saving the file, the previous version will be in the backup file. Shift F10 - abandon font Shift F10 exits the font editor without saving the file. All changes made to the font during the current editing session are lost. SELECT MODE Select mode is used to choose the character to be edited. When in select mode, the complete font is displayed on the screen. One of the font characters is always highlighted. The highlighted character is called the "current character". On the left-hand side of the display there is a solid bar with a number and two boxes in it. The number is the ASCII value of the current character. The lower box shows the current character in the normal 40 column text font, for use as a reference. The upper box is called the "edit box". The character in this box is called the "edit character". Action in select mode is controlled by the cursor and function keys. The possible operations are shown below. ARROW KEYS - change current character Selection of the current character is done with the arrow keys. The arrow keys wrap around horizontally and vertically to make it easier to choose the desired character. F3 - pick from font F3 copies the current character to the edit character box. The width of the current character is also copied. F4 - put to font F4 copies the edit character to the current character. The width is also copied. F5 - micro-adjust F5 enters micro-adjust mode. Micro-adjust mode is used only for copying a character to the edit character box. In micro-adjust mode, the cursor keys move the highlighted area by one pixel, rather than by one character. Also, the Home, PgUp, PgDn, and End keys can be used to move the highlighted area diagonally. In micro-adjust mode, F3 picks the currently highlighted character and copies it to the edit box. F10 returns to select mode. F9 transfers to fat-bits mode. An exit from fat-bits mode, returns to select mode, rather than micro-adjust mode. Micro-adjust mode is used for editing a font that was read in from a graphics image file. In this case, the characters might not be in the right locations for a font file. Using the micro-adjust keys, a character can be copied to the select character box. Back in select mode, the character can be copied back to the font, in the proper character position. F9 - go to Fat-bits mode F9 transfers to fat-bits mode to edit the select character. F10 - exit F10 returns to the main menu. Esc - undo Escape undoes the action of the last pick, put, or undo. Warning: only the last pick, put, or undo can be undone. FAT-BITS MODE F9 from select or micro-adjust mode transfers to fat-bits mode. In fat-bits mode, the edit character can be edited. The edit character is shown in an expanded format so that individual pixels can be identified and edited. Within the expanded font character, a small box-shaped pixel cursor shows the position of the currently selected pixel within the character grid. When in fat-bits mode, there are a number of indicators on the screen. The edit character is displayed in its normal size in the lower left-hand corner of the display. The character is bracketed by bars that indicate its current width. The character width is used to determine placement of the next character when this character is displayed in a PILOT program. Normally the width should be set to one or more pixels to the right of the rightmost pixel of the character shape. If the width is less than the actual size of the character, the bars will overlay the character. This is permissible and indicates that the following character might intersect this character when displayed. Immediately below the character are five indicators, described below. Width - character width The current width of the character is shown, in number of pixels. When fat- bits mode is entered, the width is set to the current width of the edit character. Set - pixel setting color and stream mode This number is the current set pixel color. In addition to a color number, a plus or minus sign may be displayed. A plus sign indicates that stream set mode is on. When stream set mode is on, the cursor keys automatically set each pixel as the cursor moves from one pixel to another. A minus sign following the current drawing color indicates that stream clear mode is on. When stream clear mode is on, the cursor key automatically clears each pixel to the background color as the cursor moves from one pixel to another. Mode - font editor screen mode Back - current background color Char - character indicator The ASCII value from 32 to 127, and the standard 40 column text representation of the currently selected character. These indicators are displayed only as a reference. Note that the character shown is the currently highlighted character in select mode, not necessarily the edit character. If you change the current character after picking the edit character, this character will not be the same as the edit character. Baseline Markers Horizontal and vertical baseline markers can be set. These markers are saved when you exit to select mode, and are restored the next time you return to fat-bits mode. Baseline markers are used only as reference points on the fat-bits grid to facilitate character editing. FAT BITS MODE KEYS The fat-bits mode keys are shown below. 1, 2, 3 - choose drawing color Pressing 1, 2, or 3 sets the drawing color to that color. 4, 5 - set screen mode Pressing 4 or 5 sets the screen mode. PLUS and MINUS - change background color The + key increments the background color. The - key decrements the background color. ARROW KEYS, DIAGONAL KEYS - move cursor The arrow keys and Home, PgUp, PgDn, and End keys are used to move the pixel cursor. The diagonal keys are useful when stream set or clear mode is on, to draw diagonal lines. F1 - set a pixel F1 sets the pixel at the pixel cursor to the current drawing color. F1 also turns off either stream mode, if set. Shift-F1 - toggle stream set mode Shift-F1 toggles screen set mode. F2 - clear a pixel F2 clears the pixel at the cursor to the background color. F2 also turns off either stream mode. Shift-F2 - toggle stream clear mode Shift-F2 toggles the stream clear mode. F3 - toggle horizontal mark F3 toggles a baseline mark in the current cursor row. F4 - toggle vertical mark F4 toggles a baseline mark in the current cursor column. F5 - invert the font character F5 inverts the color of each pixel in the character. Shift-F5 - clear font character Shift-F5 clears the entire character to the background color. F6 - rotate character F6 rotates the font character counter-clockwise 90 degrees. F6 also clears either stream mode, if set. Shift-F6 - reflect character Shift-F6 reflects the font character about the vertical axis. In conjunction with the F6 key, the character can be reflected about the horizontal axis also. Shift-F6 clears all stream mode. F7 - horizontal roll left F7 rolls the font character to the left by one column. The leftmost column becomes the rightmost column. All of the roll keys clear either stream mode, if set. Shift-F7 - horizontal roll right Shift-F7 rolls the font character to the right by one column. The rightmost column becomes the leftmost column. F8 - vertical roll up F8 rolls the font character up by one row. The top row becomes the bottom row. Shift-F8 - vertical roll down Shift-F8 rolls the font character down by one row. The bottom row becomes the top row. F9 - decrease width F9 decreases the width of the character being edited by one pixel. The width indicators change to reflect the new width. The character itself is not changed. The minimum width is 0 pixels. The width is used to determine the placement of any character which is displayed immediately after this character. Shift-F9 - increase width Shift-F9 increases the width of the character being edited. The maximum width is 255. F10 - return to select mode F10 returns to select mode. The character being edited is copied back to the edit character box. The width is also copied. To copy the edited character back to the font as the current character use F4. CHANGING GLOBAL PARAMETERS From the main menu, the F2 key transfers to the global parameter menu from which the following keys may be used: F1, F2, F3 - set substitution colors A color substitution table can be built to make a mass change of all colors in the font. F1, F2 and F3 are used to set the new color for all pixels currently of colors 1,2 and 3, respectively. The substitution colors may be 0, 1, 2 or 3. Substituting to color 0 has the effect of erasing pixels. The prompt line indicates the current settings for each substitution color. F5 can be used to preview the effect of the color substitution table. F5 - view new colors The F5 key causes the whole font to be displayed with the new colors substituted in. It does not change the font permanently. F6 - save new colors F6 causes the whole font to be displayed with the new colors substituted in. Once displayed, a prompt is asks if you are sure you want to save the font with the new colors. If you respond with a 'y', the change is made permanently. F7 - set cell width F7 is used to set the default cell width for the font. The cell width must be between 1 and 255. F8 - set cell height F8 is used to set the default cell height for the font. The cell height must be between 1 and 255. F10 - return to main menu Chapter 12. TOUCH SCREEN The touch screen is supported in two ways: "touch key mode" and "touch coordinate mode". The two modes can be intermixed in any manner within a program. The touch key mode is used to detect selection of a pre-defined target on the display screen. The touch coordinate mode can be used to detect the exact location of a touch in graphics or text coordinates. The touch coordinate mode also permits the program to check for a touch without stopping to wait for a touch. TOUCH KEY MODE The user can define up to 60 TOUCH KEYS on the display screen. Each touch key is a rectangular block of character cells. The smallest possible touch key is one character cell; the largest is the entire display screen. Touch keys may overlap in any manner and need not fill the entire display area. PILOT does not take any automatic action to make the touch keys visible. The user can choose to do so by creating an appropriate display which outlines or highlights the touch keys in any desired manner. Internally, PILOT keeps a table of all current touch keys. Each touch key is identified by a number from 1 to 60. The following statements can be used to control the touch key table: TS:Kn - define touch key The current viewport is defined to be touch key n. n may be a number from 1 to 60. The K command would normally be intermixed with other commands on the TS: statement. The following example defines two touch keys, number 2 and number 3. Each one has a label displayed in it. TS: V2,7,5,9;K2;Astart; V40,50,6,12;K3;Astop TS:K0 - remove all touch key definitions The touch key table is erased. No touch keys remain defined. ACCEPT POINT To accept touch key input use the ACCEPT POINT statement, or the ACCEPT POINT EXCLUSIVE statement. AP: - accept point Accept point waits for touch screen or keyboard input. APX: - accept point exclusive Accept point exclusive waits for touch screen input only. The ACCEPT POINT works like a normal accept in that the program waits for student input. In the case of AP: the student can either type a reply on the keyboard, followed by the ENTER key, or touch the screen. In the case of APX: the student must touch the screen to end the accept. In either case, if the student touches the screen, within a touch key, a "good beep" sounds and the student answer buffer (%B) is set to the touch key number enclosed in square brackets, (eg. "[12]" ). If the student touches outside all touch keys then a "bad beep" sounds and the answer buffer is set to "[0]". If touch keys overlap, and a touch occurs within more than one touch key, then the lower touch key number is returned. Like the normal Accept statement, the AP: and APX: statements may contain variable names as arguments. For example: APX: #Q sets the numeric variable Q to the touch key number selected by the student, and sets the string variable %B to the same number, enclosed in [ ]. Example: Waits until the student touches a touch key, giving a bad beep on all other touches that may occur first. APX: #Q J(Q=0):@A The AP: statement allows the student to reply as to a normal Accept, using the keyboard, or by touching the screen. The program can detect which occurred by checking for the square brackets in the answer buffer as follows: AP: M:[&] TY: touch screen used. TN: keyboard used. The AP: and APX: op codes are subject to response timing in the same manner as the A: op code. The response time limit is set by a statement such as P: T5 (set max response time to 5 sec) Also, the function TIM(0) returns the actual student response time for the last Accept statement. If the ESCAPE option is enabled on the P: statement (P:E), then touch key number 1 has special significance. Touch key 1 is treated similarly to the student entering an "@" character, in that a USE is issued to label *SYSX. This can be used to implement a "hot spot" on the screen, which would invoke asynchronous events like help, menus, reviews etc. TOUCH COORDINATE MODE The PNT function is used to control touch coordinate mode. PNT can be used in any expression context. The format of the PNT function is as follows. PNT(n) where n is a value of 0, 1 or 2. PNT must be called first with an argument of 1 to enable touch coordinate mode: C: X = PNT(1) Once this statement is executed, the touch screen is active. The program can test for a touch having happened by statement such as: J(PNT(0)):TOUCH The returned value is 0 if no touch has occurred, or 1 if a touch has occurred. If the value is 1, then four system variables have been set to reflect the location of the touch: %X - the graphics x-pixel location of the touch %Y - the graphics y-pixel location of the touch %R - the text row number of the touch %C - the text column number of the touch These system variables are set in the ranges that suit the current screen display mode. The program can use these variables in any expression context. Whether or not a touch is returned by the PNT(0) function, the touch screen remains active. The program can deactivate the touch screen by executing the function: C: X = PNT(2) Example: This code sequence places an asterisk at any point touched by the user. C:I=PNT(1) *LOOP J(PNT(0)=0):LOOP TS:G(%C),(%R);A* J:LOOP Chapter 13. SIMULATED SPEECH SS: n1, n2, n3 . . . n1, n2 and n3 are decimal numbers which represent the speech vocabulary chip addresses of the words to be played back. Each number is separated from the previous one by a comma or semi-colon. Multiple words on one line are spoken as a sentence. Example: simulated speech SS: 1 (say one word) SS: 5,3,7 (say three words) Chapter 14. VIDEO DISC SUPPORT VS: command-list A PILOT program can control the operation of the attached video disc player. The visual output of the player can be displayed on the screen in combination with the computer-generated text or graphic display. The video disk image can be considered to be "behind" the computer display image. The program controls which parts of the video image and which parts of the computer display image are visible by selecting a color on the computer display image to be transparent. For example, if black is transparent, then the video disk image shows through wherever the computer display image would be black. Other colors in the computer display appear to be overlayed on the video disk image. The video disk unit can be controlled by the VS: , or VIDEO SUPPORT statement. VS: has a syntax similar to the TS: or G: statements, in that it can contain a list of a number of individual commands. If there is more than one command on a VS: statement, each must be separated from the previous one by a semi colon. For example: VS: L1; A3; P100,675 In the following command descriptions, n represents a number, a variable or an expression. Video disk frame numbers run from 1 to (approximately) 54000. The possible commands are a follows: An - select audio channels Set audio control for subsequent play command, A0 means silence, A1 means left track, A2 means right track, A3 means both tracks. This may be issued prior to, or during a play command to turn the sound off or on at any time. Cm,p - mode and palette select Set interlace mode and color palette selection. m=0 disables interlace mode, m=1 enables it. Interlace mode should be enabled during video display and disabled during graphics display to enhance the visual effect. p=0 selects normal color palette and p=1 selects large color palette. The color palette determines how the transparency color number on the Tn command below is interpreted. In normal color palette mode the transparency color number is assumed to be in the range 0-15 and is interpreted as a color number corresponding to the 16 default colors. In the large color palette mode the transparency color is assumed to be in the range 0-63 and is interpreted as a color number as defined by the EGA color palette. Note that the "TS:Fn,m" command can be used to access the large color palette of the EGA. Dn - display player frame information Control the player-generated frame number display. D0 means frame number is not displayed on the screen, D1 means frame number is displayed on the screen whenever a video image is displayed. This command is provided for debugging purposes since it shows what frame number is currently being displayed. Fn - still frame Search for frame number n, then play it as a still frame. H0 - soft system halt Command the display system to do a soft stop. The soft stop command should be issued prior to calling an external program. It causes all video, touch and sound commands to stop at a logical point. Then software which expects a standard graphics adapter may be executed. H1 - restart after soft system halt Command the display system to resume special function modes after a previous soft stop. This command leaves the system in a ready state with no video, touch or sound turned on. Ln - load or unload disk L0 means unload (spin down) L1 means load (spin up). An L1 command MUST be issued prior to any attempt to play any video scenes. Once this command is issued, the PILOT program pauses until the disc is up to speed, or an error occurs. After this command the program should test the player status via the VFN function to insure that the disc unit is ready to go. Mn - enable or disable manual controls The video disc player has manual remote controls. They can be disabled or enabled under software control. M0 means disable, M1 means enable. Pf,t - play a video scene from frame f to frame t. The video player plays the designated sequence of video frames. When frame number t is reached the player continues to show frame t in still frame mode. If f is less than t the scene is played forward. If f is greater than t, then the scene is played backwards. If the first frame number, f is equal to 0, then the play begins at the current frame number and plays forward or backward to frame number t. The An command, shown above, can be executed prior to the play command to control whether the audio portion is present. An Rn command, shown below, can be executed prior to the play command to set the play rate. The program proceeds immediately after issuing this command to the video disc. It does not wait until the scene is complete. If you wish the program to wait for the scene to complete see the VST and VFN functions below. A play in progress can be stopped at any time by a still frame command, an unload command, or a stop command. Rn - set play rate Set the play speed for subsequent play command. The value of n is in terms of percent of normal speed, from 1 to 255. If 0<n<100 then the play rate is slowed down to n percent of normal. If n>100 then play rate is increased to n percent. R100 sets the play rate to normal. No audio is played when the play rate is slower or faster than normal. Sn - single frame step S0 means step backward one frame, S1 means step forward one frame. T; - turn off transparency Set no computer display colors to transparent, so only the computer display is visible, the video image behind it is not visible. Tn - set color n to transparent The video image shows through the computer display image wherever the computer display image is color number n. See the "Cm,p" command above for information on the value of n. Un - select video player unit n When more than one player is attached, this command selects the player to which commands are sent. Player 1 is the default. Once a player unit is selected, all player commands are routed to that player. However, it is possible to be showing a scene from one player and giving commands to another by combinations of the Un and Vn commands. Vn - select video player output to display When more than one player is attached, this command selects the player whose output is displayed. Player 1 is the default. It is possible to be showing a scene from one player and giving commands to another by combinations of the Un and Vn commands. X - stop a play-in-progress The play command stops at the current frame and the current frame is played as a still frame. VIDEO FUNCTIONS Each of these functions returns a number. Each can be used in any expression context. I = VFN(n) - frame number Returns current video frame number for player n. In a system with one player n should be equal to 1. I = VST(n) - returns current status of player n Returns the play status of player n. The status may be one of the following values: -1 indicates an error condition 0 disc not up to speed (parked/unloaded) 1 disc up to speed, not playing (loaded) 2 disc playing a still frame (stopped) 3 disc playing a scene Examples: R: set up to show video in black areas VS:T0 R: spin up disc and check whether okay VS:L1 T(VST(1)<2):Player is not up to speed! R: play a scene with sound track 2. VS: A2; P100,575 R: Wait until the scene is done. *Loop J(VST(1)=3):Loop R: play from current frame, 50% speed VS: R50; P0,54000 R: Wait until at from 1000. *Loop1 J(VST(1)=3 & VFN(1)<1000):Loop1 VS: X R: step 3 frames VS: S1; S1; S1 Appendix A. Language Summary Appendix A: PILOT LANGUAGE SUMMARY STATEMENTS A: [variables] accept answer AS: accept single AH: accept hold cursor AX: accept with default key codes AJ: accept with type-ahead AP: accept touch or keyboard input APX: accept touch screen input C: var = expr compute and assignment D: var(len),... create arrays and/or strings DX: v$(len) create aligned string E: [label] end subroutine or program FX: [name] open or close a file FI: byte,var$ file in (read from file) FO: byte,expr file out (write to file) FXH: size initialize heap file FIH: byte,vr$ in heap (read from heap) FOH: byte,expr out heap (write to heap) G: command-list turtle or sprite graphics GSX: save screen internally GX: restore screen GX: name display graphics image from file GSX: name save graphics image to file name J: label jump to label K: expression write to student records file L: name[,label] link to program name M:pattern match student answer MJ:pattern if NO, jump to next match MS:pattern match with spelling errors MX:expression numeric match N: pattern new character NX: x,y ;... new key NXS: restore old keyboard codes NS:variable$ change character font NH:width,height change default character cell size P: option-list problem start and options PX: offset,byte poke byte to memory PJ: address,byte output byte to port address R: remarks provides program comments S: pit,dur;... sound SS: address,... simulated speech T: text type text TH: text type hang (no return) TX: text type clear screen TS: screen-list type screen U: label use (call) subroutine V: var$ call machine language VS: command-list video disc control W: expression wait expr tenths of a second WH: expression wait and hold character X: expression execute indirect P STATEMENT OPTIONS (P:) S remove all spaces L trans to lower case U trans to upper case G allow GOTO command E allow ESCAPE cmd W clear label table F func key escape P printer-echo on An set max A: len Z turn off all options Tn set max A: response time Kname set keep file name for K: statement STATEMENT LABELS *label (alone) * followed by 1 to 6 characters *label stmt (before stmt) CONDITIONALS TY:... execute statement if last match YES TN:... execute statement if last match NO TE:... execute statement if err condition Tn:... (1-9) execute if answer counter=n T(x<3):... execute if expression is true TC:... execute if last expression was true MATCH PATTERNS * any single char & any sequence of chars ! alternate answer % match a space, or end @ items any order ^ negation of match SCREEN COMMANDS (TS:) Axx/yy do animation Bn background color Dn delay n 60ths sec En erase to color n Fn foreground color Gx,y cursor goto x,y Fn,a color palette On overlay/xor mode Ln set line spacing Mn screen mode (0-6) Pn select page (0-7) Pn,w displ/write page Vl,r,t,b set viewport V; restore viewport Wrlud walk one space ; separates items *n(.) repeat n times Xn set screen border GRAPHICS COMMANDS (G:) Cn set pen color E erase entire screen Cn,w pen color width Dx,y draw to pixel x,y Ar,d arc, radius r Bx,y solid bar Fn forward n steps Gx,y turtle goto x,y Hn set heading Rn right n degrees Ln left n degrees Xn horizontal scale Yn vertical scale *n(..) repeat n times Pn paint to color n Wn wait n 60ths sec Svar$ sprite table Sn sprite n current Jn jump to sprite n ; separates items SYSTEM VARIABLES %A answer counter %B answer buffer %E jump loc of last U: return point %N item which matched on last match %M loc in %B which matched on last match %L len in %B which matched on last match VARIABLES X cat WRONG W5 simple real variables score(expr) subscripted real variable name$ string variable, varying length c$(pos) single character substring hard$(pos,len) substring specified length Names are 1-6 bytes, start with a letter. Upper/lower case are the same in a name. Arrays start at 0. Strings start at 1. OPERATORS AND EXPRESSIONS + add - sub * mul / div % modulo & and ! or ~ not !! concatenate < > = <= >= <> relational ABS ASC ATN AUX BGC CAP CHR COS CLK DEC EXP FGC FIZ FLO INS INP INT KEY LNE LOG LEN MEM MOD OFF PEK RND RSP SEG SFL SGN SIN SPC SQR STR SWP TIM WRD XCR XPX YCR YPX OUTPUT CONTROL CHARACTERS 8 LEFT 9 RIGHT 10 DOWN 11 UP 12 CLEAR 13 RETURN 14 HOME RUN TIME COMMANDS P:G enables GOTO label, causes J:label P:E enables Esc key to cause U:SYSX P:F enables function/cursor key to cause U:SYSX EZ EDITOR EZ name.PIL up down right left arrows, tab move cursor HOME goto top of file END goto end of file INS insert character DEL delete character PG UP move up a page PG DN move down page F1 insert line/split F2 delete line/join F3 pick up a line F4 put down a line F5 goto line/find str F6 shift to extended F7 expand macro to text F8 goto graphics mode F9 on-line help F10 save file, exit shift F5 search and replace shift F7 copy file into text shift F8 enter character editor shift F9 save or print all or partial file shift F10 abandon edited file and exit SPRITE EDITOR F1 select sprite F2 select layout F3 copy to sprite F4 copy to image F5 load sprite table F6 save sprite table F7 load image F8 save image F9 goto fat bits mode F10 exit arrows roll graphics image 1 pixel SPRITE EDITOR FAT BITS MODE F1 set a pixel ^F1 stream set F2 clear a pixel ^F2 stream clear F8 change screen mode ^F5 clear sprite F10 exit fat bits mode + and - change background colors APPENDIX B: PILOT CHARACTER SET OUTPUT CHARACTERS PILOT allows the use of characters in the range of ascii 32 (space) through ascii 255. On the IBM PC these are all considered "printable" characters. That is, all are displayed on the screen if typed by a T: statement. The characters in the range of 0 to 31 are not printable; these are reserved for terminal control functions. (See table below.) Any control character that has not been assigned a function is ignored completely upon output. The EZ editor allows the user to place any character from 32 to 255 in a program file. It does not allow characters from 0 to 31 to be put in a file. If you use a text editor which does allow control characters to be placed in the text, you should also avoid doing so when creating a PILOT program. CHR(8) - backspace CHR(9) - forward space CHR(10) - cursor down CHR(11) - cursor up CHR(12) - clear screen CHR(13) - return (newline) CHR(14) - home The characters from 32 to 127 display the same in all screen modes of PILOT. These are as shown on pages G2 and G3 of appendix G of the BASIC manual. (You might consider moving those pages to this appendix for future reference.) There is a difference in what you see on the screen for characters in the range 128 to 255 depending on what screen mode the PILOT program uses. In modes 0 through 3 (the text modes) the characters displayed are as shown on pages G4 and G5 of appendix G of the BASIC manual. In modes 4 through 6 (the graphics modes) the characters from 128 to 255 are handled in a special way. These are the characters that are available for user defined characters (see the NEW CHARACTER statement). If you do not define any character patterns (that is you do not execute any N: statements) then the characters from 128 to 255 have unpredictable shapes and should not be used at all. Once you define at least one character then the remainder of the characters in this range have the same shapes as the corresponding characters in the range 0 to 127 as shown in BASIC appendix G. You can define new shapes for any or all of the 128 characters in this range. You can not change the shapes of the characters below 128. ENTERING CHARACTERS WITH EZ EZ allows the user to enter characters from 32 to 255 into the text. The characters from 32 to 127 are easily entered in the natural way by just pushing the key with the appropriately marked character on the keyboard. To enter characters from 128 to 255 the user first pushes the F6 key then pushes a second key. The character entered into the text is the value of the second key plus 128. For example F6 # yields the character 35+128=163 or u-accent. (See chart below.) If you wish to enter several extended characters in a row, push SHIFT-F6. Then all characters are changed in the above manner until you push F6 again or push the ENTER key. KEY TO PUSH AFTER F6 TO ENTER CHARACTERS 128 to 255 WITH EZ 128 ctrl-@ 160 space 129 ctrl-A 161 ! 130 ctrl-B 162 " 131 ctrl-C 163 # 132 ctrl-D 164 $ 133 ctrl-E 165 % 134 ctrl-F 166 & 135 ctrl-G 167 ' 136 ctrl-H 168 ( 137 ctrl-I 169 ) 138 ctrl-J 170 * 139 ctrl-K 171 + 140 ctrl-L 172 , 141 ctrl-M 173 - 142 ctrl-N 174 . 143 ctrl-O 175 / 144 ctrl-P 176 0 145 ctrl-Q 177 1 146 ctrl-R 178 2 147 ctrl-S 179 3 148 ctrl-T 180 4 149 ctrl-U 181 5 150 ctrl-V 182 6 151 ctrl-W 183 7 152 ctrl-X 184 8 153 ctrl-Y 185 9 154 ctrl-Z 186 : 155 ctrl-[ 187 ; 156 ctrl-\ 188 < 157 ctrl-] 189 = 158 ctrl-^ 190 > 159 ctrl-_ 191 ?